Turner's+syndrome

Turner’s syndrome Turner’s syndrome is a disease that affects 1 in every 2500 girls and it is also the most common sex chromosome abnormality in females. It is a chromosomal disease that effects the development in the female. Most girls are born with two X chromosomes but girls born with Turner’s syndrome are missing an X chromosome, monosomy, or are missing part of an X chromosome. This is mainly caused by nondisjunction when the chromosomes are forming, and is not inherited from parents because women with this disease are infertile. This disease affects girls differently, depending on how many of the body cells are effected by the X chromosome changes. Girls with Turner’s syndrome are usually diagnosed at birth or when they are close to puberty. Sometimes the disease can also be found in pregnancy during the ultrasound, where doctors can use prenatal tests. Researchers have not yet determined which gene on the X chromosome is responsible for the symptoms, but they have figured out that one gene, the SHOX, is important for bone development and growth. If a girl is missing this gene, it is likely that she will have a short stature and skeletal abnormalities. Girls with Turner’s syndrome have a normal height for the first three years of their lives, but after that their growth rate starts to slow. They also have non-functioning ovaries, which causes them to not be able to produce the sex hormones needed for puberty and reproduction. However, girls with this disease still have normal wombs and vaginas. In addition to not having functioning ovaries and being shorter than average, girls with this disease have other symptoms. They have especially wide necks, broad chests, arms that turn out slightly at the elbow, high blood pressure, and a heart murmur. There is also no known way to prevent Turner’s syndrome from happening or from correcting it, and it has no direct cure. However, it can be treated by managing the health problems that cause the symptoms of the disease. Some girls with this disease take growth hormone injections to help them grow to a normal height. Others use the estrogen replacement therapy, where estrogen and progesterone, are given to the girl to help her “monthly periods” to keep her womb healthy. The estrogen is also used to help prevent osteoporosis.

This is a picture of a girl who has Turner’s syndrome.

This is a karyotype of someone who has Turner’s syndrome. It shows that she is missing an X chromosome.

Sources http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/whataregd/turner/

http://www.turner-syndrome.com/articles/turner-syndrome-treatments/index.php

http://www.medicinenet.com/turner_syndrome/page2.htm

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/turner-syndrome/DS01017/DSECTION=causes

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